Title: MiniCore Japanese-EN / Lesson 6
Tags: MinicoreJapanese-EN lesson-06 sentence vocab dialog-line recognition dialog

MinicoreJapanese: Sumimasen.
Native: すみません。
English: Excuse me. / Sorry. / Thank you (for the trouble).
Literal: excuse-me / sorry / thanks-for-the-trouble

MinicoreJapanese: Toire wa doko desu ka.
Native: トイレはどこですか。
English: Where is the toilet?
Literal: toilet [topic] where is ?

MinicoreJapanese: Konbini wa asoko desu ka.
Native: コンビニはあそこですか。
English: Is the konbini over there? (pointing)
Literal: konbini [topic] over-there is ?

MinicoreJapanese: Ikura desu ka.
Native: いくらですか。
English: How much is it?
Literal: how-much is ?

MinicoreJapanese: Kaite kudasai.
Native: 書いてください。
English: Please write it down.
Literal: write-it, please

MinicoreJapanese: Wakarimasen.
Native: わかりません。
English: I don't understand.
Literal: I-don't-understand

MinicoreJapanese: Ikimasu.
Native: 行きます。
English: I'm going. / I'll go.
Literal: go-[polite]
Notes: ikimasu — go. The single most useful verb in travel.

MinicoreJapanese: Ikimasu ka.
Native: 行きますか。
English: Are you going? / Does it go?
Literal: go ?
Notes: Verb + ka. Asked of a person, it's "are you going?"; asked of a bus with a point, it's "does it go (there)?"

MinicoreJapanese: Kimasu ka.
Native: 来ますか。
English: Is it coming? (the bus, the train)
Literal: come ?
Notes: kimasu — come.

MinicoreJapanese: Kaerimasu.
Native: 帰ります。
English: I'm heading back. / I'm going home.
Literal: return-[polite]
Notes: kaerimasu — return / go home. The end-of-day verb.

MinicoreJapanese: Basu ni norimasu.
Native: バスに乗ります。
English: I'll take the bus. / I board the bus.
Literal: bus [ni] ride-[polite]
Notes: norimasu — ride/board — and basu — bus. What you board takes ni (Lesson 4's location particle, moonlighting).

MinicoreJapanese: Tomarimasu ka.
Native: 止まりますか。
English: Does it stop (here)? (pointing at the map)
Literal: stop ?
Notes: tomarimasu — stop. Point at a station on the route map and ask.

MinicoreJapanese: Eki ni ikitai desu.
Native: 駅に行きたいです。
English: I want to go to the station.
Literal: station [ni] go-want is
Notes: eki — station — and there's Lesson 5's -tai keeping its promise: ikimasu → ikitai desu. Destination takes ni. Say this to any local and watch the pointing begin.

MinicoreJapanese: ichi-ji
Native: 一時
English: 1 o'clock
Literal: 1:00

MinicoreJapanese: ni-ji
Native: 二時
English: 2 o'clock
Literal: 2:00

MinicoreJapanese: san-ji
Native: 三時
English: 3 o'clock
Literal: 3:00

MinicoreJapanese: yo-ji
Native: 四時
English: 4 o'clock
Literal: 4:00 — irregular
Notes: Irregular #1: yo-ji, never "yon-ji." Four o'clock simply has its own name.

MinicoreJapanese: go-ji
Native: 五時
English: 5 o'clock
Literal: 5:00

MinicoreJapanese: roku-ji
Native: 六時
English: 6 o'clock
Literal: 6:00

MinicoreJapanese: shichi-ji
Native: 七時
English: 7 o'clock
Literal: 7:00 — irregular
Notes: Irregular #2: shichi-ji — the one place shichi appears in this whole course.

MinicoreJapanese: hachi-ji
Native: 八時
English: 8 o'clock
Literal: 8:00

MinicoreJapanese: ku-ji
Native: 九時
English: 9 o'clock
Literal: 9:00 — irregular
Notes: Irregular #3: ku-ji, never "kyuu-ji." That's all three — the rest are exactly number + ji.

MinicoreJapanese: juu-ji
Native: 十時
English: 10 o'clock
Literal: 10:00

MinicoreJapanese: juuichi-ji
Native: 十一時
English: 11 o'clock
Literal: 11:00

MinicoreJapanese: juuni-ji
Native: 十二時
English: 12 o'clock
Literal: 12:00
Notes: Now the frame in action:

MinicoreJapanese: Ima, nan-ji desu ka.
Native: 今、何時ですか。
English: What time is it now?
Literal: now, what-hour is ?
Notes: ima — now. The everyday version of the frame.

MinicoreJapanese: San-ji han desu.
Native: 三時半です。
English: It's 3:30.
Literal: 3:00 half is
Notes: han — half past. And here is the minutes rule of this course: you will never say minutes. Hour + han covers half past; everything else rounds with the next word —

MinicoreJapanese: San-ji goro desu.
Native: 三時ごろです。
English: It's about 3 o'clock.
Literal: 3:00 about is
Notes: goro — approximately (for times). Hour, han, goro: that's every time you'll ever need to say. Exact minutes come from pointing at your phone — or kaite kudasai. (You'll still need to hear minutes; that's in the script section.)

MinicoreJapanese: Gogo san-ji han goro desu.
Native: 午後三時半ごろです。
English: It's around 3:30 p.m.
Literal: p.m. 3:00 half about is
Notes: gogo — p.m. — stacks on the front (gozen is its a.m. twin). The full polite answer, assembled from four pieces you now own.

MinicoreJapanese: Mise wa nan-ji kara desu ka.
Native: みせは何時からですか。
English: What time does the shop open?
Literal: shop [topic] what-hour from is ?
Notes: kara — from. Opening hours are "from when?"

MinicoreJapanese: Ku-ji kara go-ji made desu.
Native: 九時から五時までです。
English: From 9 to 5.
Literal: 9:00 from 5:00 until is
Notes: made — until. `X kara Y made` — from X to Y — works for hours, days, and (as you'll see in the set pieces) places.

MinicoreJapanese: Kyou, ikimasu.
Native: 今日、行きます。
English: I'm going today.
Literal: today, go
Notes: kyou — today.

MinicoreJapanese: Ashita, ikimasu.
Native: あした、行きます。
English: I'll go tomorrow.
Literal: tomorrow, go
Notes: ashita — tomorrow. Same verb, no future tense — the time word did all the work.

MinicoreJapanese: Kinou, ikimashita.
Native: きのう、行きました。
English: I went yesterday.
Literal: yesterday, went
Notes: kinou — yesterday — and -mashita, the past shape: ikimasu → ikimashita.

MinicoreJapanese: Ikimasen deshita.
Native: 行きませんでした。
English: I didn't go.
Literal: went-not
Notes: -masen deshita — the negative past: the no-shape plus deshita. That's the fourth and final form; the conjugation table of this course is now closed.

MinicoreJapanese: Kyou, eki ni ikimasu. Sorekara, konbini ni ikimasu.
Native: 今日、駅に行きます。それから、コンビニに行きます。
English: Today I'm going to the station. After that, the konbini.
Literal: today, station [ni] go. after-that, konbini [ni] go
Notes: sorekara — "after that" — chains plans as separate, complete sentences. No clause grammar; just say them in order.

MinicoreJapanese: Kinou, sushi o tabemashita. Soshite, biiru o nomimashita.
Native: きのう、すしを食べました。そして、ビールを飲みました。
English: Yesterday I ate sushi. And I drank beer.
Literal: yesterday, sushi [obj] ate. and-then, beer [obj] drank
Notes: soshite — "and (then)." And look at the retrofit: tabemashita, nomimashita — Lesson 5's verbs took the past ending without being asked. All of them do.

MinicoreJapanese: Doko ni ikimasu ka.
Native: どこに行きますか。
English: Where are you going? / Where does it go?
Literal: where [ni] go ?
Notes: Eki ni ikimasu → __doko__ ni ikimasu ka. The answer will sit right where doko is.

MinicoreJapanese: Nani o kaimasu ka.
Native: 何を買いますか。
English: What will you buy?
Literal: what [obj] buy ?
Notes: Same move with nani in the object slot.

MinicoreJapanese: Itsu ikimasu ka.
Native: いつ行きますか。
English: When are you going? (days, not clock time)
Literal: when go ?
Notes: itsu — when — for days and dates. (Clock time stays with nan-ji: itsu → "tomorrow," nan-ji → "9:30.")

MinicoreJapanese: Basu desu ka, densha desu ka.
Native: バスですか、電車ですか。
English: Is it the bus, or the train?
Literal: bus is ?, train is ?
Notes: densha — train. Whatever they answer, you already know the word — you said it first.
3. Closed-set answers — ikura (a number), nan-ji (the hour set), doko (a point + a direction word): open in form, small in answer space.
4. True open questions (nani, dou) — last resort, with kaite kudasai standing by.

MinicoreJapanese: Kono densha wa kuukou ni ikimasu ka.
Native: この電車は空港に行きますか。
English: Does this train go to the airport?
Literal: this train [topic] airport [ni] go ?
Notes: kuukou — airport (a Lesson 0 rhythm word, now boarding). The rung-1 masterstroke: you don't need to know where this train goes — you need to know if it goes where you're going. Ask that, get hai or iie, done.

MinicoreJapanese: Basu de ikimasu.
Native: バスで行きます。
English: I'll go by bus.
Literal: bus [de] go
Notes: `VEHICLE de ikimasu` — by bus, by train, by taxi.

MinicoreJapanese: Takushii de ikimasu.
Native: タクシーで行きます。
English: I'll take a taxi.
Literal: taxi [de] go
Notes: takushii — taxi (four beats, long final vowel — Lesson 0 again).

MinicoreJapanese: Kuukou e ikimasu.
Native: 空港へ行きます。
English: I'm going toward the airport.
Literal: airport [e] go
Notes: e — toward. You'll hear it everywhere (kochira e douzo!); in your own mouth, ni does the same job fine — knowing e is mostly for your ears.

MinicoreJapanese: Eki wa chikai desu.
Native: 駅は近いです。
English: The station is close.
Literal: station [topic] near is
Notes: chikai — near.

MinicoreJapanese: Kuukou wa tooi desu.
Native: 空港は遠いです。
English: The airport is far.
Literal: airport [topic] far is
Notes: tooi — far. The pair that decides between walking and the next pair:

MinicoreJapanese: Densha wa hayai desu. Basu wa osoi desu.
Native: 電車は速いです。バスは遅いです。
English: The train is fast. The bus is slow.
Literal: train [topic] fast is. bus [topic] slow is
Notes: hayai — fast (also "early") — and osoi — slow (also "late"). Lesson 3's comparison-by-enumeration, planning your route.

MinicoreJapanese: Kippu wa ikura desu ka.
Native: 切符はいくらですか。
English: How much is the ticket?
Literal: ticket [topic] how-much is ?
Notes: kippu — ticket. You've had its held-beat rhythm since Lesson 0; now it has a price.

MinicoreJapanese: Hikouki wa nan-ji desu ka.
Native: 飛行機は何時ですか。
English: What time is the flight?
Literal: airplane [topic] what-hour is ?
Notes: hikouki — airplane, meeting today's new frame.

MinicoreJapanese: Migi desu.
Native: みぎです。
English: It's to the right.
Literal: right is
Notes: migi — right. Its partner hidari — left — has been in your mouth since Lesson 0's tap-drill; both slot into `___ desu.` when you're the one pointing.

MinicoreJapanese: Koko de machimasu.
Native: ここで待ちます。
English: I'll wait here.
Literal: here [de] wait
Notes: machimasu — wait — with de marking where the waiting happens. (The matte inside Lesson 7's request chunks is this verb; consider it previewed.)

MinicoreJapanese: Ni-jikan desu ka. Nagai desu.
Native: 二時間ですか。長いです。
English: Two hours? That's long.
Literal: 2-hours is ? long is
Notes: -jikan — hours of duration (ni-jikan = two hours; don't confuse with ni-ji, 2 o'clock) — and nagai — long (pair: mijikai, short). Echo-check the wait, then editorialize.

MinicoreJapanese: Eki made onegaishimasu.
Native: 駅までお願いします。
English: To the station, please. (in a taxi)
Literal: station until please
Notes: made + Lesson 5's request frame: the complete taxi instruction. Swap in any destination — Hoteru made onegaishimasu. — or just show the written address (Lesson 4's advice stands).

MinicoreJapanese: Kono basu wa eki ni ikimasu ka.
Native: このバスは駅に行きますか。
English: Does this bus go to the station?
Literal: this bus [topic] station [ni] go ?
Notes: The yes/no flip as a reflex. Drill it against its open twin (Kono basu wa doko ni ikimasu ka → route recitation at native speed) until the flip is what comes out under pressure.

MinicoreJapanese: Nan-ji kara desu ka.
Native: 何時からですか。
English: From what time? (does it open)
Literal: what-hour from is ?
Notes: Point at the shop, the museum, the noren curtain — ask.

MinicoreJapanese: Nan-ji made desu ka.
Native: 何時までですか。
English: Until what time? (is it open)
Literal: what-hour until is ?
Notes: Its twin — last entry, last order, last train. The answer comes from the hour set you drilled above.

MinicoreJapanese: Kinou ikimashita. Demo, kyou mo ikimasu.
Native: きのう行きました。でも、今日も行きます。
English: I went yesterday. But I'm going again today.
Literal: yesterday went. but, today also go
Notes: Past tense + demo — "but" — your first taste of chaining sentences with connectives (Lesson 9 makes a system of it). For now, memorize the shape whole; note Lesson 5's mo sneaking in too.

MinicoreJapanese: ikimasu
Native: 行きます
English: go
Notes: *ikimashita* — went

MinicoreJapanese: kimasu
Native: 来ます
English: come

MinicoreJapanese: kaerimasu
Native: 帰ります
English: return / go home

MinicoreJapanese: norimasu
Native: 乗ります
English: ride / board
Notes: what you board takes *ni*

MinicoreJapanese: tomarimasu
Native: 止まります
English: stop

MinicoreJapanese: machimasu
Native: 待ちます
English: wait
Notes: *koko de machimasu*

MinicoreJapanese: sorekara
Native: それから
English: after that
Notes: chains whole sentences

MinicoreJapanese: soshite
Native: そして
English: and (then)

MinicoreJapanese: itsu
Native: いつ
English: when (days)
Notes: clock time uses *nan-ji*

MinicoreJapanese: ima
Native: いま
English: now

MinicoreJapanese: kyou
Native: 今日
English: today
Notes: time word carries the tense

MinicoreJapanese: ashita
Native: あした
English: tomorrow

MinicoreJapanese: kinou
Native: きのう
English: yesterday
Notes: pairs with *-mashita*

MinicoreJapanese: nan-ji
Native: 何時
English: what time

MinicoreJapanese: han
Native: はん
English: half past
Notes: *san-ji han* — 3: 30

MinicoreJapanese: goro
Native: ごろ
English: about (time)
Notes: your minutes-free precision

MinicoreJapanese: gozen
Native: 午前
English: a.m.

MinicoreJapanese: gogo
Native: 午後
English: p.m.

MinicoreJapanese: -jikan
Native: 時間
English: hours (duration)
Notes: *ni-jikan* = 2 hours ≠ *ni-ji* (2: 00)

MinicoreJapanese: mae
Native: まえ
English: before / in front
Notes: *eki no mae* — in front of the station

MinicoreJapanese: ato
Native: あと
English: after / later
Notes: *ato de* — later

MinicoreJapanese: chikai
Native: 近い
English: near
Notes: antonym: *tooi*

MinicoreJapanese: tooi
Native: 遠い
English: far
Notes: antonym: *chikai*

MinicoreJapanese: hayai
Native: 速い
English: fast / early
Notes: antonym: *osoi*

MinicoreJapanese: osoi
Native: 遅い
English: slow / late
Notes: antonym: *hayai*

MinicoreJapanese: nagai
Native: 長い
English: long
Notes: antonym: *mijikai*

MinicoreJapanese: mijikai
Native: 短い
English: short
Notes: antonym: *nagai*

MinicoreJapanese: eki
Native: 駅
English: station

MinicoreJapanese: kuukou
Native: 空港
English: airport
Notes: ku·u·ko·o — two long vowels

MinicoreJapanese: densha
Native: 電車
English: train

MinicoreJapanese: basu
Native: バス
English: bus

MinicoreJapanese: takushii
Native: タクシー
English: taxi

MinicoreJapanese: chikatetsu
Native: 地下鉄
English: subway

MinicoreJapanese: hikouki
Native: 飛行機
English: airplane

MinicoreJapanese: kippu
Native: 切符
English: ticket
Notes: ki·p·pu — the held beat

MinicoreJapanese: migi
Native: みぎ
English: right
Notes: pair: *hidari*

MinicoreJapanese: hidari
Native: ひだり
English: left
Notes: pair: *migi*

MinicoreJapanese: Massugu desu.
Native: まっすぐです。
English: straight ahead
Notes: follow the hand

MinicoreJapanese: Tsukiatari desu.
Native: 突き当たりです。
English: at the end of the street
Notes: walk until you can't

MinicoreJapanese: Nikai desu.
Native: 二階です。
English: second floor
Notes: number + *kai*; catch the number

MinicoreJapanese: Tsugi wa, eki desu.
Native: 次は、駅です。
English: next stop: ___
Notes: if the name is yours, move

MinicoreJapanese: Mamonaku, densha ga mairimasu. Doa ga shimarimasu.
Native: まもなく、電車がまいります。ドアが閉まります。
English: train arriving; doors closing
Notes: stand clear

MinicoreJapanese: Kyuu-ji juugo-fun desu.
Native: 九時十五分です。
English: 9:15 — spoken minutes
Notes: catch the hour; *kaite kudasai* for the rest

MinicoreJapanese: Catching the airport train
Notes: Traveler: Sumimasen. Kono densha wa kuukou ni ikimasu ka.
Excuse me — does this train go to the airport?
[excuse-me. this train [topic] airport [ni] go ?]
Attendant: Iie, tsugi no densha desu.
No — it's the next train.
[no, next train is]
Traveler: Nan-ji desu ka.
What time (does it leave)?
[what-hour is ?]
Attendant: Ku-ji han desu.
9:30.
[9:00 half is]
Traveler: Kippu o kudasai.
One ticket, please.
[ticket [obj] please-give]
Attendant: Sanbyaku-en desu.
That's 300 yen.
[three-hundred-yen is]
Traveler: Hai, douzo.
Here you are. (coins in the tray)
[yes, go-ahead]
Attendant: Douzo.
Here's your ticket.
[here-you-are]
Traveler: Arigatou gozaimasu.
Thank you.
[thank you (full polite form)]
Announcement: Mamonaku, ni-ban-sen ni densha ga mairimasu.
The train will arrive shortly at platform 2. (station announcement)
[shortly, 2-platform [ni] train [ga] comes (honorific)]
Announcement: Tsugi wa, kuukou desu.
Next stop: the airport. (onboard announcement — that's you)
[next [topic] airport is]
Traveler: Kuukou desu. Kaerimasu.
The airport — I'm heading home.
[airport is. return-[polite]]

MinicoreJapanese: Sumimasen. Kono densha wa kuukou ni ikimasu ka.
Native: すみません。この電車は空港に行きますか。
English: Excuse me — does this train go to the airport?
Literal: excuse-me. this train [topic] airport [ni] go ?

MinicoreJapanese: Iie, tsugi no densha desu.
Native: いいえ、次の電車です。
English: No — it's the next train.
Literal: no, next train is

MinicoreJapanese: Nan-ji desu ka.
Native: 何時ですか。
English: What time (does it leave)?
Literal: what-hour is ?

MinicoreJapanese: Ku-ji han desu.
Native: 九時半です。
English: 9:30.
Literal: 9:00 half is

MinicoreJapanese: Kippu o kudasai.
Native: 切符をください。
English: One ticket, please.
Literal: ticket [obj] please-give

MinicoreJapanese: Sanbyaku-en desu.
Native: 三百円です。
English: That's 300 yen.
Literal: three-hundred-yen is

MinicoreJapanese: Hai, douzo.
Native: はい、どうぞ。
English: Here you are. (coins in the tray)
Literal: yes, go-ahead

MinicoreJapanese: Douzo.
Native: どうぞ。
English: Here's your ticket.
Literal: here-you-are

MinicoreJapanese: Arigatou gozaimasu.
Native: ありがとうございます。
English: Thank you.
Literal: thank you (full polite form)

MinicoreJapanese: Mamonaku, ni-ban-sen ni densha ga mairimasu.
Native: まもなく、二番線に電車がまいります。
English: The train will arrive shortly at platform 2. (station announcement)
Literal: shortly, 2-platform [ni] train [ga] comes (honorific)

MinicoreJapanese: Tsugi wa, kuukou desu.
Native: 次は、空港です。
English: Next stop: the airport. (onboard announcement — that's you)
Literal: next [topic] airport is

MinicoreJapanese: Kuukou desu. Kaerimasu.
Native: 空港です。帰ります。
English: The airport — I'm heading home.
Literal: airport is. return-[polite]

MinicoreJapanese: The transit script
Notes: Local: Massugu desu.
Straight ahead. → follow the hand
[straight is]
Local: Tsukiatari desu.
At the end (of the street / corridor). → walk until you can't
[end-of-the-way is]
Local: Nikai desu.
Second floor. → floors are number + kai; the sounds mutate (ikkai, nikai, sangai) — catch the number
[2-floor is]
Announcement: Tsugi wa, eki desu.
Next stop: (station name). → the name fills the slot; if it's yours, move
[next [topic] station is]
Announcement: Mamonaku, densha ga mairimasu. Doa ga shimarimasu.
A train is arriving shortly. The doors are closing. → stand clear, mind the chime
[shortly, train [ga] comes. doors [ga] close]
Clerk: Kyuu-ji juugo-fun desu.
9:15 — spoken minutes (-fun/-pun), which you never say but must survive hearing. Missed it? kaite kudasai.
[9:00 15-minutes is]

MinicoreJapanese: Too fast at the ticket window
Notes: Traveler: Sumimasen. Densha wa nan-ji desu ka.
Excuse me — what time is the train?
[excuse-me. train [topic] what-hour is ?]
Clerk: Kyuu-ji ni-juu-hachi-fun hatsu, san-ban-sen kara desu.
It departs at 9:28, from platform 3.
[(too fast — that's the point)]
Traveler: Sumimasen. Kaite kudasai.
Sorry — please write it down.
[excuse-me. write-it, please]
Clerk: Hai, douzo.
Of course — here. (writing 9:28 — ③)
[yes, here-you-are]

MinicoreJapanese: Sumimasen. Densha wa nan-ji desu ka.
Native: すみません。電車は何時ですか。
English: Excuse me — what time is the train?
Literal: excuse-me. train [topic] what-hour is ?

MinicoreJapanese: Kyuu-ji ni-juu-hachi-fun hatsu, san-ban-sen kara desu.
Native: 九時二十八分発、三番線からです。
English: It departs at 9:28, from platform 3.
Literal: (too fast — that's the point)

MinicoreJapanese: Sumimasen. Kaite kudasai.
Native: すみません。書いてください。
English: Sorry — please write it down.
Literal: excuse-me. write-it, please